ANALISA PENGARUH IKLIM DATARAN TINGGI DAN RENDAH TERHADAP PERFORMA AYAM BOILER
Abstract
ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kemampuan produktivitas ayam broiler dari perbedaan dataran tinggi dan dataran rendah. Metode penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif deskriptif, yaitu jenis penelitian yang sifatnya menggambarkan pemeliharaan beternak ayam broiler pada dataran rendah dan tinggi. Data dianalisis dengan Uji T digunakan untuk mengetahui perbedaan konsumsi pakan, pertambahan bobot badan, konversi pakan dan mortalitas ayam broiler pada dataran rendah dan tinggi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa ratarata konsumsi pakan terbaik di dataran rendah yaitu 101.10 g/ekor/hari dan di dataran tinggi yaitu 96.13 g/ekor/hari, namun rata-rata pertambahan bobot badan terbaik yaitu pada dataran tinggi sebesar 60.29 g/ekor/hari dan dataran rendah sebesar 57.43 g/ekor/hari, konversi pakan terbaik pada pemeliharaan dataran tinggi 1,53 dan dataran rendah 1,71. Dan untuk moratalitas terbaik pada pemeliharaan di dataran tinggi sebesar 3.78 % dan di dataran rendah 4.98 %. Kata kunci : Ayam Broiler, Dataran Rendah, Dataran Tinggi, Performans.
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References
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Anggorodi. 1995. Ilmu Makanan Ternak Unggas. Gramedia, Jakarta.
Austic RE. 2000. Feeding Poultry in Hot and Cold Climates. Di dalam MK
Yousef, editor. Stress Physiology in Livestock Vol III, Poultry. Florida:
CRC Pr. hlm. 123 – 136.
Bell DD dan Weaver WD. 2002. Commercial Chicken Meat and Egg Production.
5th Edition. New York: Springer Science and Business Media, Inc.
Budi Nugroho, Dwi Joko Priyono F., John Tetalepta, Neneng L. Nurida, Rini
Hidayati, Rustamsjah dan Wawan. 2001. Pengelolaan wilayah pesisir
untuk pemanfaatan sumberdaya alam yang berkelanjutan. Makalah
Kelompok IV. Falsafah Sains (PPs 702). Program Pasca Sarjana. Institut
Pertanian Bogor.
Champbell, W., 2003. Principles of Fermentation Technology. Pergaman Press,
New York.
Cooper MA, Washburn KW. (1998). The Relationships of body temperature to
weight gain, feed consumption, and feed utilization in broilers under heat
stress. Poultry Science. (77): 237-242.
Departemen Pertanian. 2013. Produksi, Konsumsi, dan Populasi Ternak Menurut
Provinsi. Jakarta.
Fairchild, B. & M. Lacy. 2006. How to control growth to improve economis
result. http://www.cobb-vantress. [ 1 september 2011]
Farrel DJ 1979. Pengaruh dari suhu terhadap kemampuan biologis dari unggas.
Laporan Seminar Ilmu dan Industri Perunggasan 11 . Pusat Penelitian
dan Pengembangan Peternakan, Bogor.
Hartono, S.H.A. 1999. Beternak Ayam Pedaging Super. CV. Gunung
Mas.Pekalongan.
Indira, S. S. Landscape Architectonic Intervention Towards Climate Change
Adaptation To Sustainable Cultural Landscape of The Port City
Belawan. Safeguarding Cultural Heritage: Challenges and Approaches, 169
Kuczynski T. 2002. The application of poultry behaviour responses on heat stress
to improve heating and ventilation systems efficiency. Electr. J. Pol.
Agric.Univ.http://www.ejpau.media.pl/series/volume5/issue1/engineering
/art.01.html. (23 Desember 2006)
Lacy, M. & L. R. Vest. 2000. Improving Feed Convertion in Broiler : A Guide for
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Roospitasari, 2008.
Lestari, K. (2018). Improving students’ achievement in writing narrative text through
field trip method in ten grade class of man 4 Medan (Doctoral dissertation,
Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara).
Lubis, A. R., Sembiring, M., & Outhor, C. (2019). The effect of the combination of
palm oil waste factory (lpks) and cattle waste (lts) in solid-liquid and liquid
solid of sweet corn plants (Zea mays Saccharata L). Int. J. Educ. Res, 7(6),
237-246.
Mashaly MM, Hendricks GL, Kalama MA, Gehad AE, Abbas AO, Patterson PH.
2004. Effect of heat stress on production parameters and immune
responses of commercial laying hens. Poultry Science. 83:889–894.
McKee SR, Sams AR. 1997. The effect of seasonal heat stress on rigor
development and the incidence of pale, exudative turkey meat. Poultry
Science. 76:1616–1620.
Muslim, D. A. 2002. Budidaya Bina Ayam. Kansius. Jakarta.
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Nugroho, dan Mayun. 2006. Beternak Burung Puyuh. Eka Offset, Semarang.
Oldeman L.R. dan M. Frere. (1982). A Study of the Agroclimatology of the
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Ondrasovicova O, Saba L, Smirkjakova S, Vargova M, Ondrasovic M, Matta S,
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Puji, R. P. N., Hidayah, B., Rahmawati, I., Lestari, D. A. Y., Fachrizal, A., &
Novalinda, C. (2018). Increasing Multi-Business Awareness through “Prol
Papaya”Innovation. International Journal of Humanities Social Sciences and
Education, 5(55),2349-0381.
Putra, K. E. (2018, March). The effect of residential choice on the travel distance and
the implications for sustainable development. In IOP Conference Series: Earth
and Environmental Science (Vol. 126, No. 1, p. 012170). IOP Publishing.
Rahmadhani, F. (2018). Tempat Pembuangan Akhir (TPA) sebai Ruang Terbuka
Hijau (RTH). Prosiding semnastek Inovasi teknologi Berkelanjutan UISU.
Rasyaf. 1995. Manajemen Peternakan Ayam Broiler. Penebar Swadaya. Jakarta.
Ranto dan Sitanggang, M., 2005. Panduan Lengkap Beternak Unggas.
Agromedia. Jakarata.
Retno, F. D. 1998. Penyakit-Penyakit Penting Pada Ayam. Edisi ke-4, Bandung.
Rizal, Y., 2006. Ilmu Nutrisi Unggas. Andalas University Press. Padang.
Sulardi, T., & Sany, A. M. (2018). Uji pemberian limbah padat pabrik kopi dan urin
kambing terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman tomat (Lycopersicum
esculatum). Journal of Animal Science and Agronomy panca budi, 3(2).
Soekardi, W.S.I.Aminah S.M. Niti Sapto. 1986. Asas-asas Mefeorolgi Pertanian.
Penerbit Balai pustaka . Jakarta.
Susilorini. 2008. Budi daya 22 Ternak Potensial. Penebar Swadaya. Jakarta.
Suharno dan Nazarudin, 1994. Ternak Komersial. Penebar Swadaya. Jakarta.
Soeharsono 1976. Respon broiler terhadap berbagai kondisi lingkungan. Disertasi,
Universitas Padjajaran, Bandung.
Tillman, A.D., Hartadi H., Reksohadiprojo S., Prawirokusumo S., dan
Lebdosoekojo S. 1998. Ilmu Makanan Ternak Dasar. UGM-Press,
Yogyakarta.
Tarigan, R. R. A., & Ismail, D. (2018). The Utilization of Yard With Longan
Planting in Klambir Lima Kebun Village. Journal of Saintech Transfer, 1(1),
69-74.
Tarmudji, 2004. Bila Busung Perut menyerang Ayam. Balitvet, Bogor.
Warisman, A. P., Setyaningrum, S., & Siregar, D. J. S. Efektivitas Campuran Ekstrak
Daun Ruku-Ruku, Daun Serai dan Daun Jeruk Purut terhadap Kualitas Interior
Telur Puyuh. PROSIDING, 51.
Wahju J. 2004. Ilmu Nutrisi Unggas. Gajah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta.
Zendrato, D. P., Ginting, R., Siregar, D. J. S., Putra, A., Sembiring, I., Ginting, J., &
Henuk, Y. L. (2019, May). Growth performance of weaner rabbits fed dried
Moringa oleifera leaf meal. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and
Environmental Science (Vol. 260, No. 1, p. 012058). IOP Publishing
Zulaika. 2007. Pengaruh Penambahan Protein pakan Berat Badan Ayam Petelur
Masa pullet,Skripsi Uji t .jurnal aves vol 21-26 Fakultas Peternakan
Universitas Islam Balitar.
Anggorodi. 1995. Ilmu Makanan Ternak Unggas. Gramedia, Jakarta.
Austic RE. 2000. Feeding Poultry in Hot and Cold Climates. Di dalam MK
Yousef, editor. Stress Physiology in Livestock Vol III, Poultry. Florida:
CRC Pr. hlm. 123 – 136.
Bell DD dan Weaver WD. 2002. Commercial Chicken Meat and Egg Production.
5th Edition. New York: Springer Science and Business Media, Inc.
Budi Nugroho, Dwi Joko Priyono F., John Tetalepta, Neneng L. Nurida, Rini
Hidayati, Rustamsjah dan Wawan. 2001. Pengelolaan wilayah pesisir
untuk pemanfaatan sumberdaya alam yang berkelanjutan. Makalah
Kelompok IV. Falsafah Sains (PPs 702). Program Pasca Sarjana. Institut
Pertanian Bogor.
Champbell, W., 2003. Principles of Fermentation Technology. Pergaman Press,
New York.
Cooper MA, Washburn KW. (1998). The Relationships of body temperature to
weight gain, feed consumption, and feed utilization in broilers under heat
stress. Poultry Science. (77): 237-242.
Departemen Pertanian. 2013. Produksi, Konsumsi, dan Populasi Ternak Menurut
Provinsi. Jakarta.
Fairchild, B. & M. Lacy. 2006. How to control growth to improve economis
result. http://www.cobb-vantress. [ 1 september 2011]
Farrel DJ 1979. Pengaruh dari suhu terhadap kemampuan biologis dari unggas.
Laporan Seminar Ilmu dan Industri Perunggasan 11 . Pusat Penelitian
dan Pengembangan Peternakan, Bogor.
Hartono, S.H.A. 1999. Beternak Ayam Pedaging Super. CV. Gunung
Mas.Pekalongan.
Indira, S. S. Landscape Architectonic Intervention Towards Climate Change
Adaptation To Sustainable Cultural Landscape of The Port City
Belawan. Safeguarding Cultural Heritage: Challenges and Approaches, 169
Kuczynski T. 2002. The application of poultry behaviour responses on heat stress
to improve heating and ventilation systems efficiency. Electr. J. Pol.
Agric.Univ.http://www.ejpau.media.pl/series/volume5/issue1/engineering
/art.01.html. (23 Desember 2006)
Lacy, M. & L. R. Vest. 2000. Improving Feed Convertion in Broiler : A Guide for
Growers. Springer Science and Business Media Inc, New York.
Leeson c.R., Leeson T.S., Paparo AA. 1986. Buku Ajar Histologi. Jakarta: EGC.
Lestari, 1992. Menentukan Bibit Broiler. Peternakan Indonesia. Listyowati dan
Roospitasari, 2008.
Lestari, K. (2018). Improving students’ achievement in writing narrative text through
field trip method in ten grade class of man 4 Medan (Doctoral dissertation,
Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara).
Lubis, A. R., Sembiring, M., & Outhor, C. (2019). The effect of the combination of
palm oil waste factory (lpks) and cattle waste (lts) in solid-liquid and liquid
solid of sweet corn plants (Zea mays Saccharata L). Int. J. Educ. Res, 7(6),
237-246.
Mashaly MM, Hendricks GL, Kalama MA, Gehad AE, Abbas AO, Patterson PH.
2004. Effect of heat stress on production parameters and immune
responses of commercial laying hens. Poultry Science. 83:889–894.
McKee SR, Sams AR. 1997. The effect of seasonal heat stress on rigor
development and the incidence of pale, exudative turkey meat. Poultry
Science. 76:1616–1620.
Muslim, D. A. 2002. Budidaya Bina Ayam. Kansius. Jakarta.
Nesheim. M. C. R. E., Autic. I. E dan Card 1979. Poultry Production. Twelfth
Edition. Lea and Febringer. Philadelphia.
North MO, Bell DD. 1990. Commercial Chiken Production Manual 4-th Edition.
The Avi Pulishing Company. Inc. Wesport Itaca. New York.
North, M. O, & D.D. Bell. 1990. Commercial Chicken Production Manual. 4th
Ed. the Avi Publishing Company Inc. Wesport, Connecticut.
Nugroho, dan Mayun. 2006. Beternak Burung Puyuh. Eka Offset, Semarang.
Oldeman L.R. dan M. Frere. (1982). A Study of the Agroclimatology of the
Humid Tropics of South-east Asia. WMO Interagency Project on
Agroclimatology.
Ondrasovicova O, Saba L, Smirkjakova S, Vargova M, Ondrasovic M, Matta S,
Lakticova K, Wnuk W. 2008. Effects of vehicle-road transport on blood
profile in broiler chickens. Med. Weter. 64:292–293.
Puji, R. P. N., Hidayah, B., Rahmawati, I., Lestari, D. A. Y., Fachrizal, A., &
Novalinda, C. (2018). Increasing Multi-Business Awareness through “Prol
Papaya”Innovation. International Journal of Humanities Social Sciences and
Education, 5(55),2349-0381.
Putra, K. E. (2018, March). The effect of residential choice on the travel distance and
the implications for sustainable development. In IOP Conference Series: Earth
and Environmental Science (Vol. 126, No. 1, p. 012170). IOP Publishing.
Rahmadhani, F. (2018). Tempat Pembuangan Akhir (TPA) sebai Ruang Terbuka
Hijau (RTH). Prosiding semnastek Inovasi teknologi Berkelanjutan UISU.
Rasyaf. 1995. Manajemen Peternakan Ayam Broiler. Penebar Swadaya. Jakarta.
Ranto dan Sitanggang, M., 2005. Panduan Lengkap Beternak Unggas.
Agromedia. Jakarata.
Retno, F. D. 1998. Penyakit-Penyakit Penting Pada Ayam. Edisi ke-4, Bandung.
Rizal, Y., 2006. Ilmu Nutrisi Unggas. Andalas University Press. Padang.
Sulardi, T., & Sany, A. M. (2018). Uji pemberian limbah padat pabrik kopi dan urin
kambing terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman tomat (Lycopersicum
esculatum). Journal of Animal Science and Agronomy panca budi, 3(2).
Soekardi, W.S.I.Aminah S.M. Niti Sapto. 1986. Asas-asas Mefeorolgi Pertanian.
Penerbit Balai pustaka . Jakarta.
Susilorini. 2008. Budi daya 22 Ternak Potensial. Penebar Swadaya. Jakarta.
Suharno dan Nazarudin, 1994. Ternak Komersial. Penebar Swadaya. Jakarta.
Soeharsono 1976. Respon broiler terhadap berbagai kondisi lingkungan. Disertasi,
Universitas Padjajaran, Bandung.
Tillman, A.D., Hartadi H., Reksohadiprojo S., Prawirokusumo S., dan
Lebdosoekojo S. 1998. Ilmu Makanan Ternak Dasar. UGM-Press,
Yogyakarta.
Tarigan, R. R. A., & Ismail, D. (2018). The Utilization of Yard With Longan
Planting in Klambir Lima Kebun Village. Journal of Saintech Transfer, 1(1),
69-74.
Tarmudji, 2004. Bila Busung Perut menyerang Ayam. Balitvet, Bogor.
Warisman, A. P., Setyaningrum, S., & Siregar, D. J. S. Efektivitas Campuran Ekstrak
Daun Ruku-Ruku, Daun Serai dan Daun Jeruk Purut terhadap Kualitas Interior
Telur Puyuh. PROSIDING, 51.
Wahju J. 2004. Ilmu Nutrisi Unggas. Gajah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta.
Zendrato, D. P., Ginting, R., Siregar, D. J. S., Putra, A., Sembiring, I., Ginting, J., &
Henuk, Y. L. (2019, May). Growth performance of weaner rabbits fed dried
Moringa oleifera leaf meal. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and
Environmental Science (Vol. 260, No. 1, p. 012058). IOP Publishing
Zulaika. 2007. Pengaruh Penambahan Protein pakan Berat Badan Ayam Petelur
Masa pullet,Skripsi Uji t .jurnal aves vol 21-26 Fakultas Peternakan
Universitas Islam Balitar.
